virsh 是使用libvirt managementAPI构建的管理工具，相比virt-manager可以提高效率
virsh 的名称的含义是virtualization shell
1、两种工作模式
- 交互模式
- 非交互模式
![图片[1]-virsh 命令行工具-李佳程的个人主页](http://www.lijiach.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-68.png)
![图片[2]-virsh 命令行工具-李佳程的个人主页](http://www.lijiach.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-69.png)
2、virsh 主要功能
# virsh help
Domain Management (help keyword 'domain'):
Domain Monitoring (help keyword 'monitor'):
Host and Hypervisor (help keyword 'host'):
Interface (help keyword 'interface'):
Network Filter (help keyword 'filter'):
Networking (help keyword 'network'):
Node Device (help keyword 'nodedev'):
Secret (help keyword 'secret'):
Snapshot (help keyword 'snapshot'):
Storage Pool (help keyword 'pool'):
Storage Volume (help keyword 'volume'):
Virsh itself (help keyword 'virsh'):
3、virsh 命令格式
# virsh --help
virsh [options]... [<command_string>]
virsh [options]... <command> [args...]
options:
-c | --connect=URI hypervisor connection URI
-d | --debug=NUM debug level [0-4]
-e | --escape <char> set escape sequence for console
-h | --help this help
-k | --keepalive-interval=NUM
keepalive interval in seconds, 0 for disable
-K | --keepalive-count=NUM
number of possible missed keepalive messages
-l | --log=FILE output logging to file
-q | --quiet quiet mode
-r | --readonly connect readonly
-t | --timing print timing information
-v short version
-V long version
--version[=TYPE] version, TYPE is short or long (default short)
4、virsh 子命令说明
help #打印基本帮助信息
attach-device #使用XML文件中的设备定义在虚拟机中添加设备
attach-disk #在虚拟机中附加新磁盘设备
attach-interface #在虚拟机中附加新网络接口
create #从 XML 配置文件生成虚拟机并启动新虚拟机
define #为虚拟机输出XML配置文件
destroy #强制虚拟机停止
detach-device #从虚拟机中分离设备，使用同样的XML 描述作为命令
attach-device
detach-disk #从虚拟机中分离磁盘设备
detach-interface #从虚拟机中分离网络接口
domblkstat #显示正在运行的虚拟机的块设备统计
domid #显示虚拟机ID
domifstat #显示正在运行的虚拟机的网络接口统计
dominfo #显示虚拟机信息
domname #显示虚拟机名称
domstate #显示虚以机状态
domuuid #显示虚拟机UUID
dumpxml #输出虚拟机 XML配置文件
list #列出所有虚拟机
migrate #将虚拟机迁移到另一台主机中
nodeinfo #有关管理程序的输出信息
quit #退出这个互动终端
reboot #重新启动虚拟机
restore #恢复以前保存在文件中的虚拟机
resume #恢复暂停的虚拟机
save #将虚拟机当前状态保存到某个文件中
setmaxmem #为管理程序设定内存上限
setmem #为虚拟机设定分配的内存
setvcpus #修改为虚拟机分配的虚拟CPU数目
shutdown #关闭某个虚拟机
start #启动未激活的虚拟机
suspend #暂停虚拟机
undefine #删除与虚拟机关联的所有文件
vepuinfo #显示虚以机的虚拟CPU信息
vcpupin #控制虚拟机的虚拟CPU亲和性
version #显示virsh版本5、查看子命令帮助
virsh help COMMAND查看子命令 list 命令用法
[root@kvm ~]# virsh help list
NAME
list - list domains
SYNOPSIS
list [--inactive] [--all] [--transient] [--persistent] [--with-snapshot] [--without-snapshot] [--state-running] [--state-paused] [--state-shutoff] [--state-other] [--autostart] [--no-autostart] [--with-managed-save] [--without-managed-save] [--uuid] [--name] [--table] [--managed-save] [--title]
DESCRIPTION
Returns list of domains.
OPTIONS
--inactive list inactive domains
--all list inactive & active domains
--transient list transient domains
--persistent list persistent domains
--with-snapshot list domains with existing snapshot
--without-snapshot list domains without a snapshot
--state-running list domains in running state
--state-paused list domains in paused state
--state-shutoff list domains in shutoff state
--state-other list domains in other states
--autostart list domains with autostart enabled
--no-autostart list domains with autostart disabled
--with-managed-save list domains with managed save state
--without-managed-save list domains without managed save
--uuid list uuid's only
--name list domain names only
--table list table (default)
--managed-save mark inactive domains with managed save state
--title show domain title6、启动和关闭虚拟机
# 查看当前启动的虚拟机
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
9 centos7 running
# 查看所有虚拟机
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
9 centos7 running
- Win2008 shut off
# 启动
[root@kvm ~]# virsh start Win2008
Domain Win2008 started
# 正常关机
[root@kvm ~]# virsh shutdown centos7
Domain centos7 is being shutdown
# 强制关机
[root@kvm ~]# virsh destroy Win2008
Domain Win2008 destroyed
# 列出虚拟机的UUID和名称
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list --uuid --name --all
7b2055a4-0b5a-4536-a694-90488da95f30 centos7
5b6949d2-348d-4109-8cc3-a3b6c48e8673 Win2008 查看虚拟机UUID,通过UUID启动关闭虚拟机
# 查看虚拟机uuid
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
9 centos7 running
- Win2008 shut off
[root@kvm ~]# virsh domuuid 9
7b2055a4-0b5a-4536-a694-90488da95f30
[root@kvm ~]# virsh destroy 7b2055a4-0b5a-4536-a694-90488da95f30
Domain 7b2055a4-0b5a-4536-a694-90488da95f30 destroyed
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
- centos7 shut off
- Win2008 shut off
[root@kvm ~]# virsh domuuid Win2008
5b6949d2-348d-4109-8cc3-a3b6c48e8673
[root@kvm ~]# virsh start 5b6949d2-348d-4109-8cc3-a3b6c48e8673
Domain Win2008 started
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
11 Win2008 running
- centos7 shut off
7、暂停和恢复虚拟机
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
11 Win2008 running
[root@kvm ~]# virsh suspend Win2008
Domain Win2008 suspended
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
11 Win2008 paused
# 虚拟机暂停后,宿主机中还存有相关的进程
[root@kvm ~]# virsh resume Win2008
Domain Win2008 resumed
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
11 Win2008 running8、配置虚拟机开机自动启动
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
11 Win2008 running
- centos7 shut off
[root@kvm ~]# virsh autostart Win2008
Domain Win2008 marked as autostarted
[root@kvm ~]# virsh autostart centos7
Domain centos7 marked as autostarted
# 设置虚拟机随宿主机启动而自动启动,本质就是在下面目录生成软链接
[root@kvm ~]# ll /etc/libvirt/qemu/autostart/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Dec 17 17:29 centos7.xml -> /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos7.xml
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Dec 17 15:48 Win2008.xml -> /etc/libvirt/qemu/Win2008.xml
[root@kvm ~]# reboot
[root@kvm ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
1 Win2008 running
2 centos7 running
9、查看虚拟机配置
# 每个虚拟机配置都存放在/etc/libvirt/qemu目录下的xml文件中
[root@kvm ~]# ll /etc/libvirt/qemu
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 44 Dec 17 17:29 autostart
-rw------- 1 root root 4275 Dec 17 16:19 centos7.xml
drwx------ 3 root root 42 Dec 17 12:33 networks
-rw------- 1 root root 4300 Dec 17 16:00 Win2008.xml
# 查看指定虚拟机的配置,以下命令相当于查看 /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos8.xml
[root@kvm ~]# virsh dumpxml centos7
<domain type='kvm' id='2'>
<name>centos7</name>
<uuid>7b2055a4-0b5a-4536-a694-90488da95f30</uuid>
<memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory>
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory>
<vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>
<resource>
<partition>/machine</partition>
</resource>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
<bootmenu enable='yes'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
</features>
<cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='full'>
<model fallback='forbid'>Broadwell-IBRS</model>
<feature policy='require' name='md-clear'/>
<feature policy='require' name='ssbd'/>
<feature policy='disable' name='hle'/>
<feature policy='disable' name='rtm'/>
<feature policy='require' name='spec-ctrl'/>
<feature policy='require' name='hypervisor'/>
<feature policy='require' name='xsaveopt'/>
</cpu>
<clock offset='utc'>
<timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
<timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
<timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
</clock>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<pm>
<suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
<suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
</pm>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
<source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos7.qcow2'/>
<backingStore/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu'/>
<target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
<alias name='ide0-0-0'/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
<alias name='usb'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
<alias name='usb'/>
<master startport='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
<alias name='usb'/>
<master startport='2'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
<alias name='usb'/>
<master startport='4'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'>
<alias name='pci.0'/>
</controller>
<controller type='ide' index='0'>
<alias name='ide'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
<alias name='virtio-serial0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
</controller>
<interface type='network'>
<mac address='52:54:00:a9:ea:8c'/>
<source network='default' bridge='virbr0'/>
<target dev='vnet1'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<alias name='net0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<source path='/dev/pts/2'/>
<target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
<model name='isa-serial'/>
</target>
<alias name='serial0'/>
</serial>
<console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/2'>
<source path='/dev/pts/2'/>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
<alias name='serial0'/>
</console>
<channel type='unix'>
<source mode='bind' path='/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target/domain-2-centos7/org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>
<target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0' state='connected'/>
<alias name='channel0'/>
<address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
</channel>
<input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
<alias name='input0'/>
<address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
</input>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'>
<alias name='input1'/>
</input>
<input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'>
<alias name='input2'/>
</input>
<graphics type='vnc' port='5901' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0'>
<listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
</graphics>
<video>
<model type='cirrus' vram='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
<alias name='video0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<alias name='balloon0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
<rng model='virtio'>
<backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend>
<alias name='rng0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
</rng>
</devices>
<seclabel type='dynamic' model='dac' relabel='yes'>
<label>+107:+107</label>
<imagelabel>+107:+107</imagelabel>
</seclabel>
</domain>10、删除虚拟机配置
# 删除虚拟机配置,但不删除磁盘文件
[root@kvm ~]# virsh undefine centos7
Domain centos7 has been undefined
# 对应虚拟机xml的配置文件被删除
[root@kvm ~]# ll /etc/libvirt/qemu
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 25 Dec 17 17:34 autostart
drwx------ 3 root root 42 Dec 17 12:33 networks
-rw------- 1 root root 4300 Dec 17 16:00 Win2008.xml
# 对应的磁盘文件并没有删除
[root@kvm ~]# ll /var/lib/libvirt/images/
total 11235976
-rw-r--r-- 1 qemu qemu 1734017024 Dec 17 17:34 centos7.qcow2
-rw-r--r-- 1 qemu qemu 7624392704 Dec 17 17:34 Windows2008_r2-x86_64.qcow2
© 版权声明
文章版权归作者所有，未经允许请勿转载。
THE END
